MAGADHI HiSTORY : THE ANCIENT LANGUAGE
Satyendra kumar pathak
Magadhi come under the pale of Aryan civilization long after it had enjoyed the gifts of vratya civilization and much later than other portion of Northern India .The authentic histry of Magadh begins with the sixth century B.C. but legends refer to dynasties ruling here much earlier. Magadhi language had an unprecedented history , culture and civilization in its palmy days .The vernacular current over the whole Magadh is the dialect of Hindi known as Magadhi and Magahi is properly speaking the language of the country Magadh which roughly corresponded to what is at the present day the district of Patna , Gaya , Nalanda , Jehanabad , Aurangabad , Nawada , Arwal , Monghyr ( Munger) , Bhagalpur , shivahar (Bihar state ) , chatara , Hazaribag ,palamu, badhawa , giridih , Ramagadh , kodarama ( Jharakhand state) . Over the whole of this area it is practically one and the same dialect with hardly any local variations though it is acknowledged that the purest from of magahi is spoken in Magadh commissionery and patna , Nalanda district , Chatra , Giridih , kodarma ,Ramagadh, Hazaribag , Gadhawa ,palamu district jharakhand state where it is the vernacular of 2067877 ( 1901 census ) of the people . It is condemned by speakers of other Indian languages as being as rude and uncouth as the people who use it . Like Hindi, Bhojpuri it hasa complex system of verbal conjunction and the principal difference between the two dialects is that Bhojpuri ,sanskrit,,hindi , Magahi has been under the influence of learned Brahmand for centuries while Magadhi is the language of a people who have been dubbed boots since vedik times . To a native of India one of its most objectionable features is it's habit of winding up every question even when addressed to a person held in respect with the word Re . In other parts of India this word is only used in addressing an inferior . When speaking contemptuously.Hence a man of jagah has the reputation of rudeness and his liability to get an undeserved beating on that score has been commemorated in the popular song . {Magahi has no indigenous literature but there are many popular songs current throughout the area in which the language is spoken and strolling bards recite various long epic poems such as the song of kirim the cow herd hero and the song of Gopi chandra which are known more less over the whole Northern India . The character in general use in writing is the baithi but the devnagri is also used by the educated classes .
: The Magahi language also known as Magadhi is a language spoken in South bihar , sauth Jharakhand and west Bengal states of Eastern India .Magadhi prakrit was the ancestor Magadhi from which the layers name serves . It has a very rich and old tradition of flock songs and stories . Magadhi language derived from the ancient prakrit Magadhi which was created in the kingdom of Magadha the core of which was the area sauth of the Ganga and son rivers . According to 2011 census there were approximately about 35863939 Magahi speakers . Magahi is generally written using Devanagari script A later developed script of Magadhi kathi .There have been effort by scholars in the Magahi area to explore and identify a literary tradition for Magadhi . Magadhi ha rich tradition of folk literature and in modern times there have been various activities in the publication of literary writing . magahi parishad was established in patna in 1952 which was renamed magahi mandal , Magadhi a journal was renamed Bihan . Magahi Manch was established by satish kumar mishr , Akhil bhartiy magahi sahity sammelan was established by Dr. Ramprasad singh in 1977 , vishva magahi parishad is established by Dr . Bharat singh Magahi vibhag adhyaksh Magadh university Bodh gaya in 2019 . Published a well known magazine magahi lok editor Der Ramprasad singh , Magahi samachar editor satish kumar mishra .
: Magahi has rich tradition of folk literature in there have been various activities in the publication of literacy writing. Name of the Magahi writer - shri kant shastri 1945 Bihan, Magadhi 1950 samapati armani - Magahi vyakarn kosh ,jainathpati - suinita novel 1927 . Harinath Pathak ( 1843 - 1904 AD) lalit ramayan, 8 book , yogeshvar prasad yogesh - Magahi ramayan six Magahi book published.: In the census of 1951 Magahi has not been treated separately as the mother tongue of the population of the south Bihar. The census of 2011 enumerates the Hindi magahi speaking people as 3.58 million souls. Dr. Villiam Grierson point out that the three great dialects of Bihari hindi fall naturally in to two groups Magahi and Bhojpuri on the other and that the speakers are also separated by ethnic differences .Magahi the speakers of these two dialects are however much more closely connected together tha either of the pair is to Bhojapuri and Magahi might very easily be classed as a sub dialect of Angika ,vashikaran and maithili rather than as a separate dialect they are the dialects of nationalities which have carried conservatism to the excess of uncouthness while Magahi is the practical language of an energetic race Magadh he says Thou it is intimately connected with the early history of Buddhism was far too long a cockpit for contending musalman armies and too long subject to the headquarters of a musalman pro once to remember it's former glories of the Hindu age. A great part of it is wild between and sparsely cultivated and over much of the remainder cultivation is only carried on with difficulty by the aid of great irrigation works widely spread over the country and dating from pre historic times . It peasantry , oppressed for countries and even now under British rule poorer than that of any other neighbouring part of India is uneducated and unenterprising. There is an expressive word current in Eastern Hindustan which illustrates the nation character . It is bhadra and it has two meanings .One is uncouth brood and the other is an inhabitant of Mahadhanurdhar . Which meaning is the original and which the derivative I do not know , but a whole history is contained in these two syllabus .
It was the 0fficial language of the Mauryan court in which the edicts of Magadh samrat Ashoka were composed .The name Magahi is directly derived from the name Magadhi . Magadhi language written in Brahmi script and Magahi language written in kaithi script and modern script Devnagari .Native to India and Nepal. Magadhi language family Indo European written system Devnagari , Bengali ,priya kathi script. He has recorded poem and songs for All india radio patna Magadhi programme. Popular song chhath git , jhumar , kajari , chauhat git ,karana git , Do kach git , Mariage song , Biraha and lorikayan and Bharat hari git. In Magahi style song _ Marabau re Sugawa dhanush se suhaga giri murujhae , sit gandhari Mag nit nasat : Savar tinu pur sadan kari , sham subah bhajo re bhay namaha shivay . Research work in this field George Abraham Grierson essay on Bihari declension and communication journal of the Asiatic society of Bengal vol.iii pp 119 _ 159 ( 1899 ) and Magahi and Magadhi language ,, A comparative dictionary of the Bihari language calcutta Bengal Secretariat press sold by Rubber , Landan 1885 - 1889 .
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